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Phase Diagrams & Computational Thermodynamics
Cu-Pb-Sn System
Calculated Liquidus Projection
Status of the thermodynamic description:
Extrapolated from binary thermodynamic descriptionsSources of the binary descriptions:
Cu-Pb: A. Bolcavage, C.R. Kao, S.-L. Chen and Y.A. Chang, "Thermodynamic Calculation of Phase Stability Between Copper and Lead-Indium Solder", Applications of Thermodynamics in Synthesis and Processing of Materials, Eds. P. Nash and B. Sundman, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1995, 102-140
Cu-Sn: J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee and D.N. Lee, Z. Metallkde. 87 (1996) 205-212
Pb-Sn: H.J. Fecht, M.-X. Zhang, Y.A. Chang and J.H. Perepezko, Metall. Trans. A, 20A (1989) 795-803
Calculated Invariant Equilibria
| Reaction | Phase | Mass % Cu | Mass % Pb | Mass % Sn |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 + (Cu) -> L2 + beta
760.2 oC |
Liquid | 63.80 | 12.15 | 24.05 |
| (Cu) | 85.38 | 0 | 14.62 | |
| Liquid | 2.93 | 95.71 | 1.36 | |
| (beta) | 78.43 | 0 | 21.57 | |
| L1 + beta -> L2 + gamma
732.0 oC |
Liquid | 59.50 | 11.14 | 29.36 |
| beta | 75.15 | 0 | 24.85 | |
| Liquid | 2.34 | 95.32 | 2.34 | |
| gamma | 72.95 | 0 | 27.05 | |
| L1 + L2 + gamma -> Cu3Sn
675.5 oC |
Liquid | 44.59 | 12.47 | 42.94 |
| Liquid | 1.98 | 88.56 | 9.46 | |
| gamma | 60.78 | 0 | 39.22 | |
| Cu3Sn | 61.63 | 0 | 38.37 | |
| L2 + gamma + Cu3Sn -> Cu10Sn3
640.1 oC |
Liquid | 1.10 | 96.05 | 2.85 |
| gamma | 65.95 | 0 | 34.05 | |
| Cu3Sn | 61.63 | 0 | 38.37 | |
| Cu10Sn3 | 64.06 | 0 | 35.94 | |
| L2 + gamma + Cu10Sn3 -> Cu41Sn11
590.0 oC |
Liquid | 0.74 | 97.96 | 1.30 |
| gamma | 68.56 | 0 | 31.44 | |
| Cu10Sn3 | 64.06 | 0 | 35.94 | |
| Cu41Sn11 | 66.56 | 0 | 33.44 | |
| L2 + beta -> (Cu) + gamma
585.9 oC |
Liquid | 0.80 | 98.60 | 0.60 |
| beta | 76.12 | 0 | 23.88 | |
| (Cu) | 84.56 | 0 | 15.44 | |
| gamma | 73.94 | 0 | 26.06 | |
| L2 + Cu10Sn3 -> Cu3Sn + Cu41Sn11
582.5 oC |
Liquid | 0.69 | 98.07 | 1.24 |
| Cu10Sn3 | 64.06 | 0 | 35.94 | |
| Cu3Sn | 61.63 | 0 | 38.37 | |
| Cu41Sn11 | 66.56 | 0 | 33.44 | |
| L2 + gamma -> (Cu) + Cu41Sn11
518.7 oC |
Liquid | 0.45 | 99.16 | 0.39 |
| gamma | 72.71 | 0 | 27.29 | |
| (Cu) | 85.15 | 0 | 14.85 | |
| Cu41Sn11 | 66.56 | 0 | 33.44 | |
| L2 + Cu41Sn11 -> (Cu) + Cu3Sn
348.1 oC |
Liquid | 0.08 | 99.87 | 0.05 |
| Cu41Sn11 | 66.56 | 0 | 33.44 | |
| (Cu) | 90.36 | 0 | 9.64 | |
| Cu3Sn | 61.63 | 0 | 38.37 | |
| L2 + (Cu) -> Cu3Sn + (Pb)
326.2 oC |
Liquid | 0.06 | 99.90 | 0.04 |
| (Cu) | 91.04 | 0 | 8.96 | |
| Cu3Sn | 61.63 | 0 | 38.37 | |
| (Pb) | 0 | 99.97 | 0.03 | |
| L2 + Cu6Sn5 -> (Pb) + Cu6Sn5'
187.5 oC |
Liquid | 0.09 | 39.22 | 60.69 |
| Cu6Sn5 | 39.07 | 0 | 60.93 | |
| (Pb) | 0 | 81.72 | 18.28 | |
| Cu6Sn5' | 39.07 | 0 | 60.93 | |
| L2 + Cu3Sn -> (Pb) + Cu6Sn5
277.9 oC |
Liquid | 0.04 | 80.83 | 19.13 |
| Cu3Sn | 61.63 | 0 | 38.37 | |
| (Pb) | 0 | 90.28 | 9.72 | |
| Cu6Sn5' | 39.07 | 0 | 60.93 | |
| L2 -> (Pb) + (Sn) + Cu6Sn5'
181.7 oC |
Liquid | 0.09 | 37.27 | 62.64 |
| (Pb) | 0 | 81.23 | 18.77 | |
| (Sn) | 0 | 3.39 | 96.61 | |
| Cu6Sn5' | 39.07 | 0 | 60.93 |
Phases, Crystal Structures and Model Descriptions
| Phase | Struktur- bericht Symbol |
Common Names | Prototype | Spacegroup | Model* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquid | n/a | L, L1, L2 | n/a | n/a | (Bi,Cu,Pb)1 |
| Fcc | A1 | (Cu), (Pb) | Cu | Fm-3m | (Cu,Pb,Sn)1(Va)1 |
| Bcc | A2 | (beta Cu), beta | W | Im-3m | (Cu,Sn)1(Va)3 |
| Bct | A5 | (Sn), (beta Sn) | beta Sn | I41/amd | (Cu,Pb,Sn)1 |
| Cu3Sn.h | D03 | gamma | BiF3 | Fm-3m | (Cu,Sn)0.75(Cu,Sn)0.25 |
| Cu41Sn11 | ... | delta | ... | F-43m | Cu0.788Sn0.212 |
| Cu10Sn3 | ... | zeta | ... | P63 | Cu0.769Sn0.231 |
| Cu3Sn | ... | epsilon | ... | Cmcm | Cu0.75Sn0.25 |
| Cu6Sn5 | B81 | eta, Cu6Sn5.h | NiAs | P63/mmc | Cu0.545Sn0.455 |
| Cu6Sn5' | ... | eta ', Cu6Sn5.l | ... | ... | Cu0.545Sn0.455 |
*Major species are printed bold face